Immigration and integration
This research line focuses on the integration of immigrants and their children in Western societies. Integration not only concerns ethnic minorities, but also how the broader society—including the majority group—changes and responds.
We examine integration from two perspectives:
1. Structural Integration
How do people from different ethnic backgrounds perform in the labor market and at school? We examine opportunities and obstacles, such as discrimination, access to social networks, and differences in (parental) education and skills. We also study how environmental diversity plays a role: in inclusive environments, individuals' qualities are often assessed more honestly, while in less diverse contexts, stereotypes more readily influence assessments, opportunities, and careers.
2. Socio-Cultural Integration
Here, we examine how people from different backgrounds live together: interethnic contacts, mutual attitudes, polarization, radicalization, anti-immigration sentiments, and segregation in social networks. Themes such as language acquisition and religion are also included. Diverse environments can have positive effects here: they offer more opportunities for contact, understanding, and breaking down prejudices.
This line of research is innovative because we compare different ethnic groups and multiple countries. We also use advanced methods that allow us to track integration processes over time and across different networks to better understand how people develop within ever-changing, diverse societies.
Examples of our research

Getting a handle on polarisation in science education
How can we promote “positive polarisation” and counteract negative polarisation?

Inclusivity Norms to Counter Polarization in European Societies (INCLUSIVITY)
How can growing social and political polarization be reduced by strengthening norms of inclusivity?

Youth in Europe Survey
What are young people's views on ethnic diversity, politics, safety, health, school, work, and leisure time? Do these views change over time, and why or why not?

Multidimensional Heterogeneity: Conceptual Foundations and Measurement Strategies
How can heterogeneity be conceptualized and measured in a way that reflects the complexity of real social settings?