Future energy systems need to be climate proof
Climate policy for future energy systems typically focuses on the challenge to make them carbon neutral to avoid climate change. However, it will also be critically important to make them climate proof to ensure that they are resilient to future climate change. This is the key conclusion of a literature review published in Nature Energy, analysing 220 peer-reviewed articles, led by Utrecht University with contributions of research teams worldwide. Climate-proofing energy systems is becoming more important as energy systems are expected to become more sensitive to climate change.
A substantial body of literature focused on climate impacts on cooling and heating energy demand. While heating energy demand is expected to decrease (possibly by up to 20% worldwide), cooling demand is expected to increase substantially (possibly by over 30%). This could also lead to very different seasonal and daily patterns for energy demand.
On energy supply, most articles focus on possible impacts on renewable energy (mostly hydro and wind power). An important motivation is that an increasing share of renewable energy will make future energy systems also more sensitive to climate change. Most studies project (small) decreases in hydro power and thermal energy at the global scale. For other energy resources, results are much more mixed. Impacts at the regional scale are still relatively uncertain, but strongest impacts are reported for South Asia and Latin America.
“The study can form an input for the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,” says Utrecht University’s Prof. Detlef van Vuuren, co-coordinator of the study. Dr. Seleshi Yalew, lead author of the study, currently working at Delft University of Technology, adds: “As the review highlights, the field is still not well developed: studies still use a wide range of different methods, assumptions, and data sources. For a more comprehensive assessments of climate impacts, more consistent multi-model assessments on consequences of potential climate changes are needed for energy planning.”
Publication
Yalew, S.G., Van Vliet, M TH., Gernaat, D EHJ., Ludwig, F., Miara, A., Park, C., Byers, E., De Cian, E., Piontek, F., Iyer, G., Mouratiadou, I., Glynn, J., Hejazi, M., Dessens, O., Rochedo, P., Pietzcker, R., Schaeffer, R., Fujimori, S., Dasgupta, S., Mima, S., Da Silva, SRS., Chaturvedi, V., Vautard, R., Van Vuuren, D.P. (2020) Impacts of climate change on energy systems in global and regional scenarios. Nature Energy. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0664-z