Diebolt, Claude, Rijpma, A., Carmichael, S.G., Dilli, S.D. & Stormer, Charlotte (2018). Cliometrics of the Family. Springer.

Dilli, S.D., Rijpma, A. & Carmichael, S.G. (2018). Gender Equality in Historical Perspective: Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index. Feminist Economics

Carmichael, S.G. & Rijpma, A. (08.02.2017). Blood is Thicker than Water: - Geography and the Dispersal of Family Characteristics Across the Globe. Cross-Cultural Research, 51 (2), (pp. 142-171) (30 p.).

Carmichael, S.G. & Rijpma, A. (2017). Chapter 3. Measuring agency. In Jan Luiten van Zanden, Auke Rijpma & Jan Kok (Eds.), Agency, Gender and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850–2000 - Testing the Sen hypothesis Routledge.

Carmichael, S.G., Rijpma, A. & van der Vleuten, L. (2017). Chapter 4. Quantity versus Quality - Household Structure, Number of Siblings, and Educational Attainment in the Long Nineteenth Century . Agency, Gender and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850–2000 - Testing the Sen Hypothesis Routledge.

van der Vleuten, L., Carmichael, S.G. & Dilli, S.D. (2017). Chapter 5. The best thermometer: - A Long run perspective on Indian gender inequality in British ruled states. Agency, Gender and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850–2000 - Testing the Sen Hypothesis (pp. 101-137) (37 p.). Routledge.

Carmichael, S.G. & van Zanden, J.L. (2017). Conclusions. In Jan Luiten van Zanden, Auke Rijpma & Jan Kok (Eds.), Agency, Gender and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850–2000 - Testing the Sen Hypothesis London ; New York: Routledge, Chapter 7.

Carmichael, S.G. (16.09.2017) Invited speaker WINIR 2017 Utrecht (14.09.2017 - 16.09.2017) The Grassroots of Economic Development

Carmichael, S.G., Dilli, S.D. & van Zanden, J.L. (2016). Introduction: Family Systems and Economic Development. Economic History of Developing Regions, 31 (1), (pp. 1-9) (9 p.).

Carmichael, S.G. (03.02.2016). Marriage, Family and Gender Inequality - An historical exploration of the relationship between family systems, the position of women and development . (463 p.).

Carmichael, S.G. & Rijpma, A. (08.03.2016). Testing Todd and Matching Murdock - Global Data on Historical Family Characteristics. Economic History of Developing Regions, 31 (1), (pp. 10-46).

Carmichael, S.G., de Pleijt, A.M., van Zanden, J.L. & De Moor, T. (2016). The European Marriage Pattern and its measurement. Journal of Economic History, 76 (1), (pp. 196-204) (9 p.).

Carmichael, Sarah, Dilli, Selin & Rijpma, Auke (2016). Women in Global Economic History. In Joerg Baten (Eds.), A History of the Global Economy - From 1500 to the Present (pp. 240-247). Cambridge: University Press.

Dilli, S., Rijpma, A. & Carmichael, S. G. (2014). Achieving gender equality: development versus historical legacies. CESifo Economic Studies (34 p.).

Carmichael, Sarah, Dilli, Selin & Rijpma, Auke (02.10.2014). Gender Inequality since 1820. In Auke Rijpma, Jan Luiten van Zanden, Marcel Timmer, Joerg Baten, Marco Mira d'Ercole & Conal Smith (Eds.), How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820 (pp. 217-248). OECD Publishing.

Carmichael, Sarah, Rijpma, Auke & van der Vleuten, Lotte (2014). Child Quantity versus Quality: - Household structure, number of siblings, and educational attainment in the long nineteenth century.

Carmichael, S.G., Rijpma, A. & Dilli, S.D. (30.09.2013). Development Versus Legacy: The Relative Role of Development and Historical Legacies in Achieving Gender Equality. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4411.

Carmichael, S.G., De Moor, T. & van Zanden, J.L. (2011). Introduction. History of the Family, 16 (4), (pp. 309-311) (3 p.).

Carmichael, Sarah (2011). Marriage and power: - Age at first marriage and spousal age gap in lesser developed countries. History of the Family, 16 (4).

Carmichael, S.G., De Moor, T. & van Zanden, J.L. (2011). "When the heart is baked, don't try to knead it." Huwelijksleeftijd en leeftijdsverschil tussen partners als maatstaf van 'agency' van vrouwen. In Th. Engelen, O. Boonstra & A. Janssens (Eds.), Levenslopen in Transformatie; liber amicorum bij het afscheid van prof. dr. Paul M.M. Klep (pp. 208-221) (14 p.). Nijmegen: Valkhof.

S.G. Carmichael () Marriage Patterns, Household Formation and Economic Development

Carmichael, S.G. 2011 Recipient Research Design Course prize for best paper ESTER (European graduate School for Training in Economic and social historical Research)

S.G. Carmichael () Since the groundbreaking work of North (1990), institutions are seen as important drivers of economic development. More recently, Acemoglu et al. (2002, 2005) empirically demonstrated the importance of inclusive institutions to explain diverging patterns of global development. Economic history has also taken up this research agenda and consequently institutions now have a key role in the study of development in the very long term. However, much of the research focuses on macro-level, formal institutions (e.g., economic and political institutions that ensure the protection of individual economic freedoms such as property rights). A crucial, but underexplored factor remains: the role of persistent, informal institutions that operate at the micro-level, which have recently be shown to matter for development outcomes (Nunn 2012; Alesina et al. 2013). A prime example of one such institution is the family, where key economic decisions are made. One strand of literature argues that family plays a role in transmission of norms, beliefs, and values, which matter for economic, political and social outcomes. Another strand of literature, invoking the famous “quantity–quality tradeoff” argument, highlights the link between household structure, namely the number of children and human capital formation (Diebolt and Perrin 2013). Both the work of Amartya Sen (2001) and the World Bank (2012) highlights women’s agency, the capacity of individuals to make meaningful decisions about their lives, as a key contributor to the development process. Creating equal opportunities for women is important for three reasons: firstly the misallocation of women’s skills has a high economic cost; secondly the control women have over their own lives and resources shapes the next generation in terms of their children’s health, education and nutrition; and lastly because increasing agency of women both at the individual and at the collective level can produce superior institutions and policy outcomes. The following call for papers is for a two-day conference to take place in Utrecht on 18–20 December 2014. We invite proposals on the long-term relation between development and informal institutions, with a particular focus on family organisation and the decision making power of women, both at the micro and the macro level. Though we focus on the past two centuries, we welcome proposals on all periods. Abstracts should be no longer than 500. The abstracts should be sent to cgeh.conferences@uu.nl by 30th of June. a This conference is by invitation only and is made possible by NWO project,” Agency, Gender, and Economic Development in the World Economy, 1850-2000”. Funding for transport and accommodation is available.

S.G. Carmichael () The History of the Family