2018 PhD defence. Cum laude. Utrecht University.

2013 Research Master Musicology. Cum laude. Utrecht University.

2013 Research Master Medieval Studies. Cum laude. Utrecht University.

2005 Managing Director Commerz Grundbesitz. Frankfurt.

2000 Chief Investment Officer Oppenheim Immobilien Kapitalanlagegesellschaft. Wiesbaden.

1975 Master's degree Urban Planning and Construction Economics. University of Amsterdam,

followed by an international career in construction and investment until 2013.