Publicaties
2023
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
van Veelen, R., Kruger, J. S. W., Derks, B., Manzi Cembrano, M. F., Vink, M., & Yerkes, M. A. (2023). Declared non-essential during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effects on professional identity. (pp. 1-78). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ekqsa
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/436046/DeclaredNonEssential_Manuscript_Preprint.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/436046/DeclaredNonEssential_Manuscript_Preprint.pdf?sequence=1
Riedijk, L., Aarntzen, L., van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2023). Gender (in)equality at the kitchen table: A diary study on how parents’ coordination facilitates an equal task division and relationship quality. British Journal of Social Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12698
Maloku, E., Derks, B., Van Laar, C., Ellemers, N., Dautel, J., & Taylor, L. K. (2023). How Do Children Learn Social Categorization and Intergroup Attitudes When They Grow Up in Divided Contexts? Social Sciences, 12(5), Article 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12050281
Vink, M., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & van der Lippe, T. (2023). All is nice and well unless she outshines him: Higher social status benefits women's well‐being and relationship quality but not if they surpass their male partner. Journal of Social Issues, 79(1), 494-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12573
Aarntzen, L., Derks, B., van Steenbergen, E., & van der Lippe, T. (2023). When work-family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers. British Journal of Social Psychology, 62(1), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12575
Nagtegaal, R., de Boer, N. C., van Berkel, R., Derks, B., & Tummers, L. (2023). Why Do Employers (Fail to) Hire People with Disabilities? A Systematic Review of Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 33(2), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-022-10076-1
Vink, M., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & van der Lippe, T. (2023). Penalized for challenging traditional gender roles: Why heterosexual relationships in which women wear the pants may be more precarious. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 88(3-4), 130–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01339-5
Vakpublicaties
Senden, L., Derks, B., & van Veelen, R. (2023). Hou toezicht op de emancipatie! In S. Ponzanesi, K. Thiele, E. Midden, D. Olivieri, & T. Oorschot (Eds.), Transities in Kunst, Cultuur en Politiek (pp. 261-272). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048560110_senden
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/436568/10_5117_9789048560110_senden.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/436568/10_5117_9789048560110_senden.pdf?sequence=1
2022
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Domen, I., Scheepers, D., Derks, B., & van Veelen, R. (2022). It’s a man’s world; right? How women’s opinions about gender inequality affect physiological responses in men. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 25(3), 703-726. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302211042669
Faniko, K., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2022). Lack of ambition or lack of support? Diverging career experiences of men and women explain the persistence of gender bias. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 52(9), 851-864. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12883
van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2022). Equal representation does not mean equal opportunity: Women academics perceive a thicker glass ceiling in social and behavioral fields than in the natural sciences and economics. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-19. Article 790211. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790211
Kruger, J., Derks, B., Manzi Cembrano, F., Aarntzen, L., Domen, I., Riedijk, L., Rijshouwer, D., van Veelen, R., Vink, M., & van der Wal, R. (2022). Will Work-Family Guilt Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic Straitjacket Women into Prioritizing their Family? (pp. 1-47). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dgtn3
Vink, M., van der Lippe, T., Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2022). Does national context matter when women surpass their partner in status? Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-13. Article 670439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670439
Van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2022). Academics as Agentic Superheroes: Female academics’ lack of fit with the agentic stereotype of success limits their career advancement. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(3), 748-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12515
Vakpublicaties
Kruger, J. (Author), Yerkes, M. (Author), Derks, B. (Author), & van Veelen, R. (Author). (2022). Hidden Costs of the Pandemic on Gender Equality: Has COVID-19 Taught Working Mothers to Prioritize Their Family (Again)?. Web publication/site, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).. https://www.oecd-forum.org/posts/hidden-costs-of-the-pandemic-on-gender-equality-has-covid-19-taught-working-mothers-to-prioritize-their-family-again?utm_source=user_mailer&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=notify_contributor_about_creating_a_post
2021
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Aarntzen, L., van der Lippe, T., van Steenbergen, E., & Derks, B. (2021). How individual gender role beliefs, organizational gender norms, and national gender norms predict parents’ work-Family guilt in Europe. Community, Work and Family, 24(2), 120-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2020.1816901
Faniko, K., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2021). The Queen Bee phenomenon in Academia 15 years after: Does it still exist, and if so, why? British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(2), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12408
2020
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
van Veelen, R., Veldman, J., Van Laar, C., & Derks, B. (2020). Distancing from a stigmatized social identity: State of the art and future research agenda on self‐group distancing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(6), 1089-1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2714
Domen, I., Derks, B., Van Veelen, R., & Scheepers, D. (2020). Gender identity relevance predicts preferential neural processing of same-gendered faces. Social Neuroscience, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2019.1703807
Vakpublicaties
van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2020). Optimising labour market potential of women in STEM: From surface-level to deep-level diversity and inclusion. OECD publication. (The Forum Network: Inclusive Growth). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). https://www.oecd-forum.org/posts/optimising-labour-market-potential-of-women-in-stem-from-surface-level-to-deep-level-diversity-and-inclusion?badge_id=1420-tackling-covid-19
2019
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Maloku, E., Derks, B., van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2019). Stimulating interethnic contact in Kosovo: The role of social identity complexity and distinctiveness threat. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 22(7), 1039-1058. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430218808884
van Veelen, R., Derks, B., & Endedijk, M. D. (2019). Double Trouble: How Being Outnumbered and Negatively Stereotyped Threatens Career Outcomes of Women in STEM. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00150
Aarntzen, L., Derks, B., van Steenbergen, E., Ryan, M., & van der Lippe, T. (2019). Work-family guilt as a straightjacket: An interview and diary study on consequences of mothers' work-family guilt. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 115, Article 103336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103336
Endendijk, J. J., Spencer, H., Bos, P. A., & Derks, B. (2019). Neural processing of gendered information is more robustly associated with mothers' gendered communication with children than mothers' implicit and explicit gender stereotypes. Social Neuroscience, 14(3), 300-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2018.1468357
Vakpublicaties
van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2019). Verborgen verschillen in werktaken, hulpbronnen en onderhandelingen over arbeidsvoorwaarden tussen vrouwelijke en mannelijke wetenschappers in Nederland: Onderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Landelijk Netwerk Vrouwelijke Hoogleraren. LNVH. https://www.lnvh.nl/uploads/moxiemanager/beloningsverschillen2020_LNVH_web.pdf
2018
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., van Veelen, R., & Handgraaf, M. (2018). Successful economists are highly masculine. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 103(4767S), 16-19.
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/376137/derks.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/376137/derks.pdf?sequence=1
Endendijk, J. J., Derks, B., & Mesman, J. (2018). Does parenthood change implicit gender-role stereotypes and behaviors? Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12451
Derks, B., & Scheepers, D. (2018). Neural and Cardiovascular Pathways from Stigma to Suboptimal Health. In B. Major, J. F. Dovidio, & B. G. Link (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination and Health (pp. 241-264). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.9
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/372532/Neural.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/372532/Neural.pdf?sequence=1
Vakpublicaties
Endendijk, J. J., Derks, B., & Mesman, J. (2018). Welke gevolgen heeft het ouderschap voor de genderrolstereotypen en rolpatronen van ouders? Mens en Maatschappij, 93(2), 165-168.
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/376593/genderrolstereotypen.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/376593/genderrolstereotypen.pdf?sequence=1
2017
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B. (2017). Streefcijfers zijn nog maar een begin: Het weerbarstige karakter van ongelijke kansen. Gedrag en Organisatie, 30(2), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.5117/2017.030.002.001
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359966/streefcijfers.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359966/streefcijfers.pdf?sequence=1
Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2017). Eenzaam aan de top: Negatieve bijwerkingen van de ondervertegenwoordiging van vrouwen in hoge functies. In M. Lückerath-Rovers, B. Bier, H. van Es, & M. Kaptein (Eds.), Jaarboek Corporate Governance (pp. 43-56). Wolters Kluwer.
van Nunspeet, F., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2017). Social contexts and personal moral motives reduce implicit prejudice: A direct comparison. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 21(4), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000072
Ellemers, N., Derks, B., van Nunspeet, F., Scheepers, D. T., & van der Toorn, J. (Eds.) (2017). World of difference: A moral perspective on social inequality. Amsterdam University Press. http://en.aup.nl/books/9789048534548-world-of-difference.html
Faniko, K., Ellemers, N., Derks, B., & Lorenzi-Cioldi, F. (2017). Nothing Changes, Really: Why Women Who Break Through the Glass Ceiling End Up Reinforcing It. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(5), 638-651. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217695551
Vakpublicaties
Ellemers, N., van Nunspeet, F. (Ed.), Derks, B. (Ed.), Scheepers, D. (Ed.), & van der Toorn, J. (Ed.) (2017). Wereld van verschil, sociale ongelijkheid vanuit een moreel perspectief. Amsterdam University Press.
2016
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Faniko, K., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2016). Queen Bees and Alpha Males: Are successful women more competitive than successful men? European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(7), 903-913. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2198
Maloku, E., Derks, B., Van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2016). Building National Identity in Newborn Kosovo: Challenges of Integrating National Identity with Ethnic Identity Among Kosovar Albanians and Kosovar Serbs. In Understanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory (pp. 245-260). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29869-6_16
Scheepers, D. T., & Derks, B. (2016). Revisiting Social Identity Theory from a Neuroscience Perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, 11, 74-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.06.006
Derks, B., Van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2016). The Queen Bee Phenomenon: Why Women Leaders Distance Themselves from Junior Women. Leadership Quarterly, 27(3), 456-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.12.007
Vakpublicaties
de Goede, M., van Veelen, R., & Derks, B. (2016). FInanciele beloning van mannen en vrouwen in de wetenschap: Onderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van het Landelijk Netwerk Vrouwelijke Hoogleraren. LNVH. http://www.lnvh.nl/files/downloads/377.pdf
Overige resultaten
Derks, B. (2016, Jun 29). Queen bee probeert te overleven in mannenomgeving. http://www.socialevraagstukken.nl/queen-bee-probeert-te-overleven-in-mannenomgeving/
Derks, B. (2016). Streefcijfers zijn nog maar een begin: Het weerbarstige karakter van ongelijke kansen. no publisher.
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/329023/oratie_B._Derks.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/329023/oratie_B._Derks.pdf?sequence=1
2015
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
van Nunspeet, F., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2015). Reducing implicit bias: How moral motivation helps people refrain from making ‘automatic’ prejudiced associations. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 1(4), 382-391. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000044
Newheiser, A.-K., Barreto, M., Ellemers, N., Derks, B., & Scheepers, D. (2015). Regulatory focus moderates the social performance of individuals who conceal a stigmatized identity. British Journal of Social Psychology, 54(4), 787-797. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12107
Does, S., Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2015). Hoe motiveer je mensen om zich in te zetten voor sociale gelijkheid? In M. Davidovic, & A. Terlouw (Eds.), Diversiteit en Discriminatie (pp. 149-164). Amsterdam University Press - Amsterdam Academic Archive.
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/380918/196004961_Ellemers.pdf?sequence=1
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/380918/196004961_Ellemers.pdf?sequence=1
Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2015). Men and women in social hierarchies: Introduction and overview. In K. Faniko, F. Lorenzi-Cioldi, O. Sarrasin, & E. Mayor (Eds.), Gender and Social Hierarchies: Perspectives from Social Psychology (pp. 1-9). Routledge.
Sellaro, R., Derks, B., Nitsche, M. A., Hommel, B., Wildenberg, W. P., Van Dam, K., & Colzato, L. (2015). Reducing prejudice through brain stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 8(5), 891-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.04.003
Zaal, M., Van Laar, C., Stahl, T., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2015). "Self-promotion": How regulatory focus affects the pursuit of self-interest at the expense of the group. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(5), 587-598. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2109
Derks, B., Van Laar, C., Ellemers, N., & Raghoe, G. (2015). Extending the Queen Bee Effect: How Hindustani Workers Cope with Disadvantage by Distancing the Self from the Group. Journal of Social Issues, 71(3), 476-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12124
Derks, B., Stedehouder, J., & Ito, T. (2015). Social identity modifies face perception: an ERP study of social categorization. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(5), 672-679. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu107
van Nunspeet, F., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2015). Moral Impression Management: Evaluation by an In-Group Member During a Moral IAT Affects Perceptual Attention and Conflict and Response Monitoring. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(2), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614548076
2014
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
van Nunspeet, F., Ellemers, N., Derks, B., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2014). Moral concerns increase attention and response monitoring during IAT performance: ERP evidence. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nss118
2013
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Scheepers, D. T., Derks, B., Nieuwenhuis, S., Lelieveld, G.-J., van Nunspeet, F., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & de Rover, M. (2013). Common brain areas for self and in-group. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7.
Derks, B. (2013). The implicit effects of social identity: Measuring early social categorization with event–related brain potentials. In Neuroscience of Prejudice and Intergroup Relations (pp. 45-62). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124635
Scheepers, D., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2013). The “nature” of prejudice: What neuroscience has to offer to the study of intergroup relations. In Neuroscience of Prejudice and Intergroup Relations (pp. 1-22). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124635
Derks, B., Scheepers, D., & Ellemers, N. (2013). Neuroscience of prejudice and intergroup relations. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124635
Scheepers, D., Derks, B., Nieuwenhuis, S., Lelieveld, G.-J., Van Nunspeet, F., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., & de Rover, M. (2013). The neural correlates of in-group and self-face perception: is there overlap for high identifiers? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, Article 528. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00528
Van Laar, C., Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2013). Motivation for Education and Work in Young Muslim Women: The Importance of Value for Ingroup Domains. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(1), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2012.746609
2012
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Ellemers, N., Rink, F., Derks, B., & Ryan, M. K. (2012). Women in high places: When and why promoting women into top positions can harm them individually or as a group (and how to prevent this). In AP. Brief, & BM. Staw (Eds.), RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR: AN ANNUAL SERIES OF ANALYTICAL ESSAYS AND CRITICAL REVIEWS, VOL 32 (pp. 163-187). (Research in Organizational Behavior; Vol. 32). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.10.003
Zaal, M. P., Van Laar, C., Stahl, T., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2012). Social change as an important goal or likely outcome: How regulatory focus affects commitment to collective action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02006.x
Stahl, T., van Laar, C., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2012). Searching for acceptance: Prejudice expectations direct attention towards social acceptance cues when under a promotion focus. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 15(4), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430211435485
Van Dillen, L. F., & Derks, B. (2012). Working Memory Load Reduces Facilitated Processing of Threatening Faces: An ERP Study. Emotion, 12(6), 1340-1349. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028624
Does, S., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & Scheepers, D. (2012). At the Heart of Egalitarianism: How Morality Framing Shapes Cardiovascular Challenge Versus Threat in Whites. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(6), 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550612438924
2011
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., Scheepers, D., Van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2011). The threat vs. challenge of car parking for women: How self- and group affirmation affect cardiovascular responses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.016
Does, S., Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2011). Thou shalt not discriminate: How emphasizing moral ideals rather than obligations increases Whites' support for social equality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(3), 562-571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.024
Derks, B., Ellemers, N., van Laar, C., & de Groot, K. (2011). Do sexist organizational cultures create the Queen Bee? British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 519-535. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466610X525280
Derks, B., Van Laar, C., Ellemers, N., & de Groot, K. (2011). Gender-Bias Primes Elicit Queen-Bee Responses Among Senior Policewomen. Psychological Science, 22(10), 1243-1249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417258
Zaal, M. P., Van Laar, C., Stahl, T., Ellemers, N., & Derks, B. (2011). By any means necessary: The effects of regulatory focus and moral conviction on hostile and benevolent forms of collective action. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(4), 670-689. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02069.x
2010
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Van Laar, C., Derks, B., & Ellemers, N. (2010). Gevolgen van stigma. In P. Rodrigues, & J. van Donselaar (Eds.), Monitor Racisme en Extremisme (pp. 181). Amsterdam University Press - Amsterdam Academic Archive.
van Laar, C., Derks, B., Ellemers, N., & Bleeker, D. (2010). Valuing Social Identity: Consequences for Motivation and Performance in Low-Status Groups. Journal of Social Issues, 66(3), 602-617.
Kang, S. K., Inzlicht, M., & Derks, B. (2010). Social Neuroscience and Public Policy on Intergroup Relations: A Hegelian Analysis. Journal of Social Issues, 66(3), 585-601.
2009
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2009). Working for the Self or Working for the Group: How Self-Versus Group Affirmation Affects Collective Behavior in Low-Status Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1037/n0013068
2008
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., Inzlicht, M., & Kang, S. (2008). The neuroscience of stigma and stereotype threat. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 11(2), 163-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430207088036
2007
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., Van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2007). The Beneficial Effects of Social Identity Protection on the Performance Motivation of Members of Devalued Groups: Social Identity Protection and Motivation. Social Issues and Policy Review, 1(1), 217-256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2007.00008.x
Derks, B., Van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2007). Social creativity strikes back: Improving motivated performance of low status group members by valuing ingroup dimensions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37(3), 470-493. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.375
2006
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Derks, B., van Laar, C., & Ellemers, N. (2006). Striving for success in outgroup settings: Effects of contextually emphasizing ingroup dimensions on stigmatized group members' social identity and performance styles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(5), 576-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205283336
2003
Wetenschappelijke publicaties
Van Laar, C., & Derks, B. (2003). Disidentification from the academic domain among members of stigmatized groups. In F. salili, & R. hoosain (Eds.), Learning and motivation in a multicultural setting. (pp. 345-395). Information Age.