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Dr. Ellen Kok

Assistant Professor 
Social and Behavioural Sciences
Education and Pedagogy
Education
Education
Martinus J. Langeveldgebouw
Heidelberglaan 1
Kamer E3.34
3584 CS Utrecht

Dr. Ellen Kok

Assistant Professor
Education
+31 30 253 4944
e.m.kok@uu.nl
Profile CV Publications Teaching Ancillary activities Contact
Profile CV Publications Teaching Ancillary activities Contact
Skills
Research areas

Publications

2024

Scholarly publications

van Nooijen, C. C. A., de Koning, B. B., Bramer, W. M., Isahakyan, A., Asoodar, M., Kok, E., van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (2024). A Cognitive Load Theory Approach to Understanding Expert Scaffolding of Visual Problem-Solving Tasks: A Scoping Review. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 1-42. Article 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09848-3
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/438303/s10648-024-09848-3.pdf?sequence=1
Korteland, R.-J., Kok, E., Hulshof, C., & Van gog, T. (2024). Teaching through their eyes: effects on optometry teachers’ adaptivity and students’ learning when teachers see students’ gaze. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 29(5), 1735-1748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-024-10325-3
https://research-portal.uu.nl/ws/files/245784895/s10459-024-10325-3.pdf
Kok, E. M., Niehorster, D. C., van der Gijp, A., Rutgers, D. R., Auffermann, W. F., van der Schaaf, M., Kester, L., & van Gog, T. (2024). The effects of gaze-display feedback on medical students’ self-monitoring and learning in radiology. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 29(5), 1689-1710. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-024-10322-6
https://research-portal.uu.nl/ws/files/245784928/s10459-024-10322-6.pdf
Braumann, S., van de Pol, J., Kok, E., Pijeira-Díaz, H. J., van Wermeskerken, M., de Bruin, A. B. H., & van Gog, T. (2024). The role of feedback on students’ diagramming: Effects on monitoring accuracy and text comprehension. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 76, 1-21. Article 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2023.102251
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/435046/1-s2.0-S0361476X23001054-main.pdf?sequence=1

2023

Scholarly publications

Kok, E. M. M., Jarodzka, H., Sibbald, M., & van Gog, T. (2023). Did You Get That? Predicting Learners' Comprehension of a Video Lecture from Visualizations of Their Gaze Data. Cognitive Science, 47(2), 1-39. Article e13247. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13247
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/433077/Cognitive_Science_-_2023_-_Kok_-_Did_You_Get_That_Predicting_Learners_Comprehension_of_a_Video_Lecture_from.pdf?sequence=1
Emhardt, S. N., Kok, E., van Gog, T., Brandt-Gruwel, S., van Marlen, T., & Jarodzka, H. (2023). Visualizing a Task Performer’s Gaze to Foster Observers’ Performance and Learning: a Systematic Literature Review on Eye Movement Modeling Examples. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 1-34. Article 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09731-7
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/433078/s10648-023-09731-7.pdf?sequence=1
Kok, E., & van den Broek, G. (2023). ET_cam_home. A script for assessing webcam-based eye-tracking data quality, running AOI analyses and visualizing data. https://github.com/EllenMKok/ET_cam_home

2022

Scholarly publications

Kok, E., Hormann, O., Rou, J., van Saase, E., van der Schaaf, M., Kester, L., & van Gog, T. (2022). Re-viewing performance: Showing eye-tracking data as feedback to improve performance monitoring in a complex visual task. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(4), 1087-1101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12666
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/421921/Computer_Assisted_Learning_2022_Kok_Re_viewing_performance_Showing_eye_tracking_data_as_feedback_to_improve.pdf?sequence=1

Professional publications

Campen, C. A. N. K., & Kok, E. (2022). Eye-tracking in het leesonderwijs. Als je weet waar de leerling naar kijkt, wat zou je dan doen? Tijdschrift voor Remedial Teaching, 30(4).

2021

Scholarly publications

Knoop-Van Campen, C. A. N., Kok, E., Doornik, R. V., Vries, P. D., Immink, M., Jarodzka, H., & Gog, T. V. (2021). How teachers interpret displays of students’ gaze in reading comprehension assignments. Frontline Learning Research, 9(4), 116-140. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v9i4.881
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/413866/881_Article_Text_8297_1_10_20211207.pdf?sequence=1
Kok, E. M., Sorger, B., van Geel, K., Gegenfurtner, A., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., Robben, S. G. F., & de Bruin, A. B. H. (2021). Holistic processing only? The role of the right fusiform face area in radiological expertise. PLoS One, 16(9), 1-20. Article e0256849. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256849
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/412924/journal.pone.0256849.pdf?sequence=1
van Montfort, D., Kok, E., Vincken, K. L., van der Schaaf, M., van der Gijp, A., Ravesloot, C., & Rutgers, D. (2021). Expertise development in volumetric image interpretation of radiology residents: what do longitudinal scroll data reveal? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 26(2), 437-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-09995-6
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/409510/VanMontfort2021_Article_ExpertiseDevelopmentInVolumetr.pdf?sequence=1

2020

Scholarly publications

Nobel, J. M., Kok, E. M., & Robben, S. G. F. (2020). Redefining the structure of structured reporting in radiology. Insights into Imaging, 11(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-019-0831-6
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/409512/Nobel2020_Article_RedefiningTheStructureOfStruct.pdf?sequence=1
Emhardt, S. N., Kok, E. M., Jarodzka, H., Brand-Gruwel, S., Drumm, C., & van Gog, T. (2020). How Experts Adapt Their Gaze Behavior When Modeling a Task to Novices. Cognitive Science, 44(9), Article e12893. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12893
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/409511/cogs.12893.pdf?sequence=1
Chisari, L. B., Mockevičiūtė, A., Ruitenburg, S., van Vemde, L., Kok, E. M., & van Gog, T. A. J. M. (2020). Effects of prior knowledge and joint attention on learning from eye movement modelling examples. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36(4), 569-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12428
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/408932/jcal.12428.pdf?sequence=1

2019

Scholarly publications

van Geel, K., Kok, E. M., Krol, J. P., Houben, I. P. L., Thibault, F. E., Pijnappel, R. M., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2019). Reversal of the hanging protocol of Contrast Enhanced Mammography leads to similar diagnostic performance yet decreased reading times. European Journal of Radiology, 117, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.05.013
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/389494/vangeel.pdf?sequence=1
Kok, E. M. (2019). Eye tracking: the silver bullet of competency assessment in medical image interpretation? Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-019-0506-5
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/389619/Kok2019_Article_EyeTrackingTheSilverBulletOfCo.pdf?sequence=1
van Nijnatten, T. J. A., Smidt, M. L., Goorts, B., Samiei, S., Houben, I., Kok, E. M., Wildberger, J. E., Robben, S. G. F., & Lobbes, M. B. I. (2019). Can high school students help to improve breast radiologists in detecting missed breast cancer lesions on full-field digital mammography? Cancer, 10(3), 765-771. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.30494
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/389301/Can_High_School_students.pdf?sequence=1
Geel, K. V., Kok, E. M., Aldekhayel, A. D., Robben, S. G. F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2019). Chest X-ray evaluation training: impact of normal and abnormal image ratio and instructional sequence. Medical Education, 53(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13756
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/378119/Geel_et_al_2019_Medical_Education.pdf?sequence=1
Martin, L. J., Turnquist, A., Groot, B., Huang, S. Y. M., Kok, E., Thoma, B., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2019). Exploring the Role of Infographics for Summarizing Medical Literature. Health Professions Education, 5(1), 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2018.03.005
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/386356/Exploring_the_role.pdf?sequence=1

2018

Scholarly publications

Harteis, C., Kok, E. M., & Jarodzka, H. (2018). The journey to proficiency: Exploring new objective methodologies to capture the process of learning and professional development. Frontline Learning Research, 6(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v6i3.435
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/375018/harteis.pdf?sequence=1
Kok, E., De Bruin, A. B., van Geel, K., Gegenfurtner, A., Heyligers, I., & Sorger, B. (2018). The Neural Implementation of Surgical Expertise Within the Mirror-Neuron System: An fMRI Study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12, Article 291. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00291
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/375002/kok.pdf?sequence=1
Blissett, S., Sibbald, M., Kok, E., & van Merrienboer, J. (2018). Optimizing self-regulation of performance: is mental effort a cue? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 23(5), 891-898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-018-9838-x

2017

Scholarly publications

Kok, E. M. (2017). The neuroscience of motor expertise in real-world tasks. In H. David, C. Guillermo, & M. Brooke (Eds.), The science of expertise: Behavioral, Naural and Genetic Approaches to Complex Skill
Gegenfurtner, A., Kok, E., van Geel, K., de Bruin, A., Jarodzka, H., Szulewski, A., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2017). The challenges of studying visual expertise in medical image diagnosis. Medical Education, 51(1), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13205
de Bruin, A. B. H., Kok, E. M., Lobbestael, J., & de Grip, A. (2017). The impact of an online tool for monitoring and regulating learning at university: overconfidence, learning strategy, and personality. Metacognition and Learning, 12(1), 21-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-016-9159-5
Kok, E. M., & Jarodzka, H. (2017). Before your very eyes: the value and limitations of eye tracking in medical education. Medical Education, 51(1), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13066
Van Geel, K., Kok, E. M., Dijkstra, J., Robben, S. G. F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2017). Teaching Systematic Viewing to Final-Year Medical Students Improves Systematicity but Not Coverage or Detection of Radiologic Abnormalities. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 14(2), 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2016.10.001
Kok, E. M., Van Geel, K., van Merrienboer, J. J. G., & Robben, S. G. F. (2017). What We Do and Do Not Know about Teaching Medical Image Interpretation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00309
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359064/fpsyg_08_00309.pdf?sequence=1
Gegenfurtner, A., Kok, E. M., Van Geel, K., de Bruin, A. B. H., & Sorger, B. (2017). Neural correlates of visual perceptual expertise: Evidence from cognitive neuroscience using functional neuroimaging. Frontline Learning Research, 5(3), 14-30. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v5i3.259
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359063/neuroimaging.pdf?sequence=1
Kok, E. M., & Jarodzka, H. (2017). Beyond your very eyes: eye movements are necessary, not sufficient. Medical Education, 51(11), 1190. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13384
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359062/eyes.pdf?sequence=1
Zwaan, L., Kok, E. M., & van der Gijp, A. (2017). Radiology education: a radiology curriculum for all medical students? Diagnosis, 4(3), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1515/dx-2017-0009
Kok, E., Aizenman, A. M., Võ, M. L.-H., & Wolfe, J. M. (2017). Even if I showed you where you looked, remembering where you just looked is hard. Journal of Vision, 17(12), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1167/17.12.2
Kok, E. M., Abed, A., & Robben, S. G. F. (2017). Does the Use of a Checklist Help Medical Students in the Detection of Abnormalities on a Chest Radiograph? Journal of Digital Imaging, 30(6), 726-731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9979-0
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/359060/Checklist.pdf?sequence=1

2016

Scholarly publications

Leppink, J., Kok, E. M., Bergman, E. M., Van Loon, M. H., & De Bruin, A. B. H. (2016). Four common pitfalls of quantitative analysis in experimental research. Academic Medicine, 91(6), 891. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000946
Lobbestael, J., de Bruin, A., Kok, E., & Voncken, M. (2016). Through rose-coloured glasses: An empirical test of narcissistic overestimation. Personality and Mental Health, 10(4), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1347
Kok, E. M., Jarodzka, H., de Bruin, A. B. H., BinAmir, H. A. N., Robben, S. G. F., & van Merrienboer, J. J. G. (2016). Systematic viewing in radiology: seeing more, missing less? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 21(1), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-015-9624-y

2015

Scholarly publications

Kok, E. M., de Bruin, A. B. H., Leppink, J., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Robben, S. G. F. (2015). Case Comparisons: An Efficient Way of Learning Radiology. Academic Radiology, 22(10), 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2015.04.012

2014

Scholarly publications

De Bruin, A. B. H., Kok, E. M., Leppink, J., & Camp, G. (2014). It might happen in the very beginning. Reply to Ericsson. Intelligence, 45(1), 107-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.02.008
De Bruin, A. B. H., Kok, E. M., Leppink, J., & Camp, G. (2014). Practice, intelligence, and enjoyment in novice chess players: A prospective study at the earliest stage of a chess career. Intelligence, 45(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.07.004

2013

Scholarly publications

Van Loon, M. H., Kok, E. M., Kamp, R. J. A., Carbonell, K. B., Beckers, J., Frambach, J. M., & De Bruin, A. B. H. (2013). AM last page: Avoiding five common pitfalls of experimental research in medical education. Academic Medicine, 88(10), 1588. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182a36cc6
Kok, E. M., de Bruin, A. B. H., Robben, S. C. F., & van Merrienboer, J. J. G. (2013). Learning radiological appearances of diseases: Does comparison help? Learning and Instruction, 23, 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2012.07.004

2012

Scholarly publications

Kok, E. M., de Bruin, A. B. H., Robben, S. G. F., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2012). Looking in the same manner but seeing it differently: Bottom-up and expertise effects in radiology. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(6), 854-862. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2886
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