Steady-state/time resolved spectroscopies: nanosecond and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (laser flash photolysis, pump probe spectroscopy), picosecond time correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC), confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy (SERS/RR), IR, UV-VIS, luminescence (F/P), clean room environment, organic and inorganic synthesis.