The question of how the fundamental principles of criminal law are influenced by the Europeanization of the law and by administrative forms of law enforcement is a fascinating one. After finishing my PhD in 2007, I published the monograph European cooperation between financial supervisory authorities, tax authorities and judicial authorities, for which I was awarded the Siracusa Prize for Young Penalists of the International Association of Penal Law (AIDP) and the International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences (ISISC) in 2009.
Since the completion of my PhD, I have focused on three lines of research:
The project aims to analyse the OLAF’s legislative framework for the exchange of information in the pre-investigative and investigative phase; to identify legal obstacles to realise OLAF’s mandate; and to elaborate possible solutions. It makes a comparison with other EU bodies with comparable tasks (European Competition Network/ECN, the European Central Bank/ECB, and the European Securities and Markets Authority/ESMA). By analysing and comparing the interaction between EU law and national law for these authorities in six Member States (the Netherlands, Germany, UK, Italy, Hungary, and Luxembourg), it will answer the question of whether there is a need to recalibrate the OLAF legislative framework, and it will define various models for that purpose.
This project aims to analyse and improve OLAF’s legislative framework for the gathering of information and evidence (investigative stage). It makes a comparison with other EU bodies with comparable tasks (European Competition Network/ECN, the European Central Bank/ECB, and the European Securities and Markets Authority/ESMA). By analysing and comparing the interaction between EU law and national law in six Member States (the Netherlands, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Poland), it will answer the question of whether there is a need to recalibrate the OLAF legislative framework, including the incorporation of procedural safeguards.
In toenemende mate vervullen EU autoriteiten taken die liggen op het vlak van de opsporing en vervolging van strafbare feiten (inclusief gedragingen die worden bereigd met punitieve bestuurlijke sancties). Het juridisch raamwerk waarbinnen die autoriteiten opereren is een mix van EU en vooral nationaal recht. Nu er tussen de rechtssystemen van de EU lidstaten grote verschillen bestaan, rijst de vraag hoe rechtshandhaving door EU autoriteiten de fundamentele rechten van verdachten beïnvloedt. Die verschillen kunnen leiden tot gaten en tegenstrijdigheden in het juridische raamwerk. Dat kan leiden tot 'races to the bottom' op het gebied van rechtsbescherming, tot 'witwassen van bewijs', enz. Dan komen ook fundamentele rechten in het nauw.
Dit onderzoek richt zich op vier verschillende autoriteiten met onderzoeks- en/of vervolgende taken, namelijk de Europese Centrale Bank, de European Securities and Markets Authority, en op OLAF (de anti-fraude dienst van de Europese Commissie) en Eurojust. Samen met twee promovendi onderzoekt Michiel Luchtman in dit VIDI onderzoek hoe fundamentele rechten in het juridische raamwerk van deze autoriteiten zijn geintegreerd en hoe de autoriteiten omgaan met de vrijheid die zij binnen het wettelijke systeem krijgen, zodat vervolgens kan worden bekeken hoe eventuele tekortkomingen kunnen worden verholpen.
The project addresses the relation between citizenship and the principle of mutual recognition in criminal matters. It seeks to explore if and how citizens are currently protected against arbitrary and discriminatory interferences of their rights and duties in the transnational Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. This project will analyze and map the state of the art of citizenship under mutual recognition instruments and, from thereon, aims to deliver a contribution to the concept and scope of citizenship in the area of criminal justice. In order to achieve this, it takes a comparative approach.
Conference and conference proceedings ‘Choice of forum in cooperation against EU financial crime’, co-financed by the European Commission under the Hercule II Programme and organized in close cooperation with OLAF and Eurojust.
Dit project werd gefinancierd door NWO onder de Vernieuwimgsimpuls, 2008 (VENI). De centrale vraag is hoe de Europese Unie de coördinatie van vervolging van grensoverschrijdende misdaad juridisch moet normeren; 'Prosecuting cross-border crime in the European Union - What role for the legality principle?'.